Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a commonly accepted and well-established methodological tool that quantitatively applies life cycle thinking in the environmental analysis of activities related to processes or products. Professionals, decision-makers and investors throughout the European Union (EU) need empirical-based, reliable, transparent and comparable data, based on building performance indicators, to consider impacts related to the whole LC of a building. This sector also generates about one-third of the waste and is responsible for potential environmental impacts resulting from all stages of the Life Cycle (LC) of a building : manufacturing of construction products, building construction, use, renovation and construction waste management. In the EU, approximately half of all extracted materials and energy consumed and roughly a third of water consumption are due to buildings. It generates almost 9% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides 18 million jobs. The environmental impacts of the building stages and assemblies were calculated to determine the best building assembly options from an environmental perspective-a process that could guide building designers in the environmental assessments of their designs, making it possible to select more sustainable materials for each assembly and thus reduce the environmental impacts of the building.The construction sector has significant relevance in the European economy. At the detailed design stage, all material types and quantities were specified in BIM file, which was used in the LCA study. To manage information uncertainty in the early design stage, a probability function was assigned to each material.
The ecoinvent database was used to source of life cycle inventory (LCI) data for each material. It includes all building assemblies, layers and possible materials commonly found in residential buildings in Québec. To prepare the Revit outputs as the appropriate inputs of the LCA model, a functional database was developed. The BIM is conducted with Revit, and the LCA with openLCA. The method is applied to a residential building in Québec, Canada. In this paper, life cycle assessment (LCA) and building information modeling (BIM) are carried out in the early and detailed building design stages. Designers therefore cannot quantify the environmental impacts of buildings in order to evaluate the environmental performance of their designs early on. In the early building design stage, there are numerous uncertainties due to the lack of information on materials and processes.
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